Tennis follows a set of internationally recognized rules established by the International Tennis Federation (ITF). These rules apply at both amateur and professional levels, with minor variations depending on the competition. However, the core principles of the game remain the same across all tennis events.
Tennis court dimensions
A tennis court has fixed dimensions that are used worldwide:
- Court length: 23.77 meters
- Width for singles: 8.23 meters
- Width for doubles: 10.97 meters
The net is placed at the center of the court and measures 91.4 cm high at the center and 1.07 meters at the posts.
The serve in tennis
The serve starts every point and must be executed from behind the baseline. The server must hit the ball diagonally into the opponent’s service box.
- Each player is allowed two attempts to make a valid serve
- If both serves are faults, it is a double fault and the point is lost
- The right to serve alternates after each game
A serve is considered a fault if the ball lands outside the service box, hits the net and fails to cross, or if the server steps on or over the baseline during the motion.
Tennis scoring system
Tennis uses a unique scoring system:
- 0 (love)
- 15
- 30
- 40
- Game
If both players reach 40-40, the score is called deuce. To win the game, a player must win two consecutive points: first gaining advantage, then winning the game.
Sets and matches
A set is won by the first player to win six games with a margin of at least two games. Matches are usually played as best of three or best of five sets, depending on the competition.
Tie-break rules
When a set reaches 6-6, a tie-break is played.
- Players score points numerically (1, 2, 3, etc.)
- The first player to reach 7 points with a margin of at least two points wins the tie-break and the set
- Players change ends every six points
Singles and doubles rules
In singles matches, the court is narrower, and players compete one against one. In doubles matches, the wider court is used, and teams of two players compete together. In doubles, service alternates between teammates, and players must respect the serving order throughout the set.
Line calls and in or out decisions
A ball is considered in if any part of it touches the line. If the ball lands completely outside the line, it is out. In professional tennis, electronic line-calling systems are often used, while in amateur play, players are responsible for making fair calls on their own side of the court.
Player conduct and fair play
Tennis places strong emphasis on sportsmanship. Players are expected to respect opponents, officials, and the rules of the game. Unsportsmanlike behavior, such as racket abuse, verbal outbursts, or delays, can result in warnings, point penalties, or disqualification.
Understanding the basic rules and regulations of tennis helps players enjoy the game more, avoid unnecessary disputes, and compete with confidence and fairness on the court.